Outside pool I remember a few losses over the three miss rule in snooker (the rule is slightly different to pool as, for example, you don't lose a game if you contact the red and scratch).
Stuart Bingham forfeited a frame to Graeme Dott last year at the Crucible and so did Dechawat Poomjaeng against Michael White a few years earlier. Shaun Murphy lost a frame against Mark Allen that way at the 2016 Masters and so did Ding Junhui against Luca Brecel at the 2019 Masters. Ali Carter lost game and match to Ronnie O'Sullivan at the 2011 Premier League. Mark Williams and Neil Robertson both lost a frame each at the 2014 Shanghai Masters and 2015 Welsh Open, respectively.
The first person to ever lose a frame under this rule was Ken Doherty at the Crucible in 1996 (against a relatively unknown Irish player, Darren Morgan.
It does happen to the best of them but not too often.