21. Cue ball fouls only
If there is no referee presiding over a match, it may be played using cue ball fouls only. That is, touching or moving any ball other than the cue ball would not be a foul unless it changes the outcome of the shot by either touching another ball or having any ball, including the cue ball, going through the area originally occupied by the moved ball. If this does not happen, then the opposing player must be given the option of either leaving the ball where it lies or replacing the ball as near as possible to its original position to the agreement of both players. If a player shoots without giving his opponent the option to replace, it will be a foul resulting in cue ball in hand for the opponent.
The above is the WPA rule. I wish it were divided into two paragraphs w/ the 1st paragraph dealing with the foul aspect of the shot, and the 2nd paragraph starting with; 'If this does not happen'. Meaning when a foul does not happen within the above guidelines.
The final sentence, starting w/; 'If a player'! This is 'not' dealing with the initial shot, but the next shot to be taken. Note: we can not take this as meaning the initial shot, for then it would be a foul to shoot and to move a ball, because you can not give the opponent the option to re-place the ball. The writing is a little ambiguous.
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So the key to answering Larry's question of shooting over a ball lies within the first two sentences, and deals with a disturbed ball contacting another ball and entering the space of another ball that also has been disturbed.
***With shooting over a ball when frozen to the cue ball and that ball is disturbed on the forward stroke then it is a foul***. The reason being; the disturbed ball illegally disturbed another ball, in this case 'the cue ball', plus it has entered the space of the cue ball, which is now an illegally disturbed ball.
But, if you disturb the ball on the back stroke 'only', thus the contact is after the cue ball is contacted, and thus moving the ball back away from the cue ball then it is not a foul.
Note: you could make it a foul if the object ball is disturbed period, but you would have to make it a written rule, for there is no official rule pertaining to this.
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***Shooting over a ball that is 'not frozen' to the cue ball: It is not a foul to disturb that ball if that the ball does not contact the cue ball, and is also not a foul if it is rolled forward into the space the cue ball once occupied***. There is no effect upon the shot in this scenario.
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In BCAPL official rules they have great diagrams of the above scenarios on pages 94 & 95. But of course that does not apply to our rules. But, it does not cover when the cue ball is frozen to the object ball.
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I wish the WPA cue ball foul only rule was better written. It is slightly ambiguous, plus it is not detailed enough. For instance, we all know that it is a foul for the shooter to replace a disturbed ball without first getting permission from the opponent, so why not just come out and say it! Further, we know that it is the opponent who actually restores the ball. It is always better to be more detailed within the general rules. Whitey